GIS & Remote Sensing Based Morphometric Parameters and Topographic Changes of the Lower Orashi River in Niger Delta

Authors

  • Desmond Eteh Department of Geology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
  • Edirin Akpofure Department of Geology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
  • Solomon Otobo Department of Geology, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v5i1.3873

Abstract

In watershed hydrology, the morphometric features of a river basin are vital to examine the lower Orashi River basin morphological and hydrological aspects, as well as its flood potential, based on their morphometric characteristics using remotely sensed SRTM data that was analyzed with ArcGIS software. The areal, linear, and relief aspects of the Orashi River basin were examined as morphometric parameters. The lower Orashi river basin, according to the findings, has a total size of 625.61 km2 and a perimeter of 307.98 km, with a 5th order river network based on Strahler categorization and a dendritic drainage pattern. Because of low drainage density, the drainage texture is very fine, the relief is low, and the slope is very low. Bifurcation ratio, circularity ratio, drainage density aspect ratio, form factor, and stream frequency values indicate that the basin is less elongated and would produce surface runoff for a longer period, while topographic changes show that the river is decreasing with depth in the land area at about the same elevation as a result of sand deposited due to lack of maintenance by dredging, which implies that the basin is morphometrically elevated and sensitive to erosion and flooding. To understand geohydrological features and to plan and manage watersheds, morphometric analysis based on geographic information systems and remote sensing techniques is beneficial.

Keywords:

Morphometric analysis, Topographic changes, Hydrology, Flood, GIS

References

[1] Kulkarni, M. D. 2015. The Basic Concept to Study Morphometric Analysis of River Drainage Basin: A Review. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(7): 2277- 2280.

[2] Obi Reddy, G. E.; A. K. Maji, and K. S. Gajbhiye, 2002. GIS for morphometric analysis of drainage basins. GIS lndia, 11(4): 9-14.

[3] Eteh, Desmond Rowland and Okechukwu Okpobiri, 2021. Floodplain Mapping and Risks Assessment of the Orashi River Using Remote Sensing and GIS in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria: Journal of Geographical Research, Volume 04 Issue 02. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30564/jgr.v4i2.3014

[4] Eteh Desmond Rowland, Francis E.E and Francis O. 2019. Determination of flood hazard Zones Using Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing techniques: A case Study in part Yenagoa Metropolis 21(1): 1-9; Article no. JGEESI.48644 ISSN: 2454-7352.

[5] Reyment R. A. 2018. Ammonito logist sensulatissimo: founder of Cretaceous Research Bengtson, P. Cretaceous Research-1926-2016,88, 5-35.

[6] Reijers, T. J. A. 2011. Stratigraphy and Sedimentology of the Niger Delta. Geologic, The Netherlands, 17(3), pp.133-162.

[7] Science For A Changing World. https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

[8] Strahler AN, 1964. Quantitative geomorphology of drainage basins and channel networks. In: Chow VT (ed) Handbook of applied hydrology. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 439-476.

[9] Clarke JI, 1966. Morphometry from maps. Essays in geomorphology. Elsevier BV, New York.

[10] Nag SK, Chakraborty S, 2003. Influence of rock types and structures in the development of drainage network in hard rock area. J Indian Soc Remote Sens 31(1):25-35.

[11] Leopold , Wolman, Miller, 1964. Fluvial processes in geomorphology. Freeman and Co., San Francisco.

[12] Horton RE, 1945. Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: Hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Bulletin of Geological Society of America. 5:275-370.

[13] Schumm SA. 1956. Evolution of drainage systems and slopes in Badlands at Perth Amboy, New Jersey. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer.;67:597-646.

[14] Horton RE, 1932. Drainage basin characteristics. Am. Geophys. Union, Trans.; 13:348-352.

[15] Smith KG, 1950. Standards for grading texture of erosional topography. Am J Sci 248:655-668.

[16] Miller N. A, 1953. Quantitative geomorphic study of drainage basins characteristics in clinish mountain area, Verginia and Tenssesse. Columbia University. 30. (Technical Report No. 3).

[17] Rafiq Hajam, Hamid, Aadil , Dar Naseer , Bhat Sami. 2013. Morphometric analysis of vishav drainage basin using geo-spatial technology (GST). International Research Journal of Geology and Mining. 3. 2276- 6618.

[18] Schmid BH, 1997. Critical rainfall duration for overland flow an infiltrating plane surface. J. Hydrol.; 193: 45-60.

[19] Chitra C, Alaguraja P, Ganeshkumari K, Yuvaraj D, Manivel M, 2011. Watershed characteristics of Kundah subbasin usingremote sensing and GIS techniques. Int J Geomatics Geosci 2(1):311-335.

[20] Cannon JP, 1976. Generation of explicit parameters for a quantitative geomorphic study of the mill creek drainage basin. Oklahoma Geology Notes. 36(1):13-17.

[21] Strahler AN, 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Trans Am Geophys Union 38:913-920.

[22] Palaka Rambabu and Sankar Jai, 2014. Study of Watershed Characteristics using Google Elevation Service. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.5103.0080

[23] Nongkyrin JM, Hussain Z. 2011. Morphometric analysis of the Manads river basin using earth observation data and geographical information system. International Journal of Geomatics and Geosciences; 2(2):647-654.

[24] Melton MA, 1958. Correlation structures of morphometric properties of drainage systems and their controlling agents. Journal of Geology. 66:442-460.

Downloads

How to Cite

Eteh, D., Akpofure, E., & Otobo, S. (2021). GIS & Remote Sensing Based Morphometric Parameters and Topographic Changes of the Lower Orashi River in Niger Delta. Journal of Atmospheric Science Research, 5(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.30564/jasr.v5i1.3873

Issue

Article Type

Article