Dry Matter Degradation Kinetics of Selected Tropical Forage in Nili-Ravi Buffalo and Cholistani Cows at Heifer and Lactating Stages Using NorFor in Situ Standards

Authors

  • Muhammad Naeem Tahir The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
  • Zahid Khan University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
  • Nazir A. Khan Department of Animal Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan
  • Saima Saima Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
  • Zahid Kamran University College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
  • Fatma Inal Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Selcuk University, Konya 42100, Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jzr.v1i1.151

Abstract

Current methods of ruminant ration formulation in Pakistan use foreign-based nutrient availability values. These values may not be optimal for all geographic areas, as variation in environment, agronomic factors, animal species, and diet characteristics may not be considered. The aim of present study was to establish a database of the chemical composition and dry matter degradation parameters of tropical forage commonly fed to ruminants in Pakistan and South Asian countries using Nili-Ravi buffalo and Cholistani cattle at heifer and lactating stages. Six cereal grain and four legume species were grown in 3 locations under standard agronomic conditions and sampled at booting and at 50% flowering stage for cereal and legumes, respectively. Dried and milled feeds were analyzed for chemical composition and in situ dry matter degradation parameters using 1 g samples in bags placed in the rumen of 2 Nili-Ravi buffalo heifers, 2 lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes, 2 Cholistani heifers, and 2 lactating Cholistani cows. The forage family (cereal vs. legumes), species, and geographic location of growth significantly influenced (P < 0.001) chemical composition and in situ degradation fractions. Animal species and developmental stage showed no effect on degradation fractions (P > 0.05). Legume-by-heifer interactions significantly increased (P < 0.05), and legume-by-lactating cow interaction tended (P = 0.065), to increase the rate of degradation (Kd). The selected forages were degraded to a similar extent independent of animal species or developmental stage, and legumes are degraded at higher rates and to a greater extent than are cereals. A moderately significant relationship between Kd and effective dry matter degradability (DMD) suggests that Kd could be the single most important predictor of forage degradability in the rumen.

Keywords:

Animal species, Cattle feed, Dry matter degradability, Developmental stage, Tropical forage

References

[1] NRC (2001), Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle: Seventh Revised Edition. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C.

[2] Fox, D.G., Tedeschi, L.O., Tylutki, T.P., Russell, J.B., Van Amburgh, M.E., Chase, L.E., Pell, A.N., and Overton, T.R. (2004), The Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System model for evaluating herd nutrition and nutrient excretion, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 112(1-4), 29-78.

[3] Volden, H. (2011), Feed fraction characteristics, in NorFor - The Nordic feed evaluation system - EAAP 130, H. Volden, (Editor). Wageningen Academic Publishers. p. 33-40.

[4] Plaizier, J.C., Krause, D.O., Gozho, G.N., and McBride, B.W. (2009), Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: The physiological causes, incidence and consequences, The Veterinary Journal, 176, 21-31.

[5] Plaizier, J.C., Khafipour, E., Li, S., Gozho, G.N., and Krause, D.O. (2012), Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA), endotoxins and health consequences, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 172(1), 9-21.

[6] Jabbar, M.A., Fiaz, M., Iqbal, T., Abdullah, M., and Marghazani, I.B. (2013), Effect of different dietary energy levels on milk production in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes, The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 23, 13-16.

[7] Ørskov, E.R. and McDonald, I. (1979), Estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage, Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(APR), 499-503.

[8] López, S. (2005), In vitro and in situ techniques for estimating digestibility, in Quantitative aspects of ruminant digestion and metabolism, J. Dijkstra, F.J. M., and F. J., (Editors). CAB International Publishing. p. 87-121.

[9] Habib, G., Ali, M., Bezabih, M., and Khan, N.A. (2013), In situ assessment of ruminal dry matter degradation kinetics and effective rumen degradability of feedstuffs originated from agro-industrial by-products, Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 33(4), 466-470.

[10] Shabi, Z., Arieli, A., Bruckental, I., Aharoni, Y., Zamwel, S., Bor, A., and Tagari, H. (1998), Effect of the Synchronization of the Degradation of Dietary Crude Protein and Organic Matter and Feeding Frequency on Ruminal Fermentation and Flow of Digesta in the Abomasum of Dairy Cows, Journal of Dairy Science, 81(7), 1991-2000.

[11] Sarwar, M., Mahr un, N., Bhatti, S.A., and Ali, C.S. (1998), In situ ruminal digestion kinetics of forages and feed byproducts in cattle and buffalo, Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 11(2), 128-132.

[12] Linden, D.R., Titgemeyer, E.C., Olson, K.C., and Anderson, D.E. (2014), Effects of gestation and lactation on forage intake, digestion, and passage rates of primiparous beef heifers and multiparous beef cows, Journal of Animal Science, 92(5), 2141-51.

[13] Zhao, Y.L., Yan, S.M., He, Z.X., Anele, U.Y., Swift, M.L., McAllister, T.A., and Yang, W.Z. (2015), Effects of volume weight, processing method and processing index of barley grain on in situ digestibility of dry matter and starch in beef heifers, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 199, 93-103.

[14] Lee, C., Araujo, R.C., Koenig, K.M., and Beauchemin, K.A. (2017), In situ and in vitro evaluations of a slow release form of nitrate for ruminants: Nitrate release rate, rumen nitrate metabolism and the production of methane, hydrogen, and nitrous oxide, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 231, 97-106.

[15] Gaillard, C., Bhatti, H.S., Novoa-Garrido, M., Lind, V., Roleda, M.Y., and Weisbjerg, M.R. (2018), Amino acid profiles of nine seaweed species and their in situ degradability in dairy cows, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 241, 210-222.

[16] Åkerlind, M., Weisbjerg, M.R., Eriksson, T., Tøgersen, R., Udén, P., Ólafsson, B.L., Harstad, O.M., and Volden, H. (2011), Feed analyses and digestion methods, in NorFor - The Nordic feed evaluation system - EAAP 130, H. Volden, (Editor). Wageningen Academic Publishers, The Netherlands. p. 41-54.

[17] AOAC (1990), (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), Official Methods of Analysis. 14th ed, ed. AOAC. Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

[18] Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B., and Lewis, B.A. (1991), Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition, Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597.

[19] Mertens, D.R., Allen, M., Carmany, J., Clegg, J., Davidowicz, A., Drouches, M., Frank, K., Gambin, D., Garkie, M., Gildemeister, B., Jeffress, D., Jeon, C.S., Jones, D., Kaplan, D., Kim, G.N., Kobata, S., Main, D., Moua, X., Paul, B., Robertson, J., Taysom, D., Thiex, N., Williams, J., and Wolf, M. (2002), Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: Collaborative study, Journal of Aoac International, 85(6), 1217-1240.

[20] Hvelplund, T. and Weisbjerg, M.R. (2000), In situ techniques for the estimation of protein degradability and postrumen availability, in Forage evaluation in ruminant nutrition D.I. Givens, et al., (Editors). CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK. p. 233-258.

[21] Allen, M.S. and Mertens, D.R. (1988), Evaluating constraints on fiber digestion by rumen microbes, Journal of Nutrition, 118(2), 261-270.

[22] Sarwar, M., Mahmood, S., Abbas, W., and Ali, C.S. (1996), In situ ruminal degradation kinetics of forages and feed byproducts in male Nili-Ravi buffalo calves, Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 9(5), 533-538.

[23] Aufrère, J., Graviou, D., Baumont, R., Detour, A., and Demarquilly, C. (2000), Degradation in the rumen of proteins from fresh lucerne forage in various stages of growth and conserved as silage or hay, Ann. Zootech., 49(6), 461-474.

[24] Bhatia, S.K., Sungwan, D.C., Pradhan, K., Singh, S., and Sagar, V. (1995), Ruminal degradation of fibrous components of various feeds in cattle and buffalo, Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 65(2), 208-212.

[25] Franzolin, R. and Dehority, B.A. (1999), Comparison of Protozoal Populations and Digestion Rates Between Water Buffalo and Cattle Fed an All Forage Diet, Journal of Applied Animal Research, 16(1), 33-46.

[26] Nandra, K.S., Dobos, R.C., Orchard, B.A., Neutze, S.A., Oddy, V.H., Cullis, B.R., and Jones, A.W. (2000), The effect of animal species on in sacco degradation of dry matter and protein of feeds in the rumen, Animal Feed Science and Technology 83, 273-85.

[27] Huntington, G.B. (1997), Starch utilization by ruminants: From basics to the bunk, Journal of Animal Science, 75(3), 852-867.

[28] Uden, P. and Van Soest, P.J. (1984), Investigations of the in situ bag technique and a comparison of the fermentation in heifers, sheep, ponies and rabbits, Journal of Anim Science 58, 213-21.

[29] Van Soest, P.J. (1994), Function of the ruminant forstomach, in Nutritional ecology of the ruminants., P.J. Van Soest, (Editor). Cornell University Press, Ithaca, USA.

[30] Robinson, P.H., Tamminga, S., and Vanvuuren, A.M. (1987), Influence of declining level of feed-intake and varying the proportion of starch in the concentrate on rumen ingesta quantity, composition and kinetics of ingesta turnover in dairy-cows, Livestock Production Science, 17(1), 37-62.

[31] Huhtanen, P. and Sveinbjörnsson, J. (2006), Evaluation of methods for estimating starch digestibility and digestion kinetics in ruminants, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 130(1-2), 95-113.

[32] Seifried, N., Steingaß, H., and Rodehutscord, M. (2015), In vitro and in situ evaluation of secondary starch particle losses from nylon bags during the incubation of different cereal grains, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 210, 26-36.

[33] Gosselink, J.M.J., Dulphy, J.P., Poncet, C., Jailler, M., Tamminga, S., and Cone, J.W. (2004), Prediction of forage digestibility in ruminants using in situ and in vitro techniques, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 115(3–4), 227-246.

[34] Edmunds, B., Südekum, K.H., Spiekers, H., and Schwarz, F.J. (2012), Estimating ruminal crude protein degradation of forages using in situ and in vitro techniques, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 175(3), 95-105.

[35] Madsen, J. and Hvelplund, T. (1994), Prediction of in situ protein degradability in the rumen. Results of a European ringtest, Livestock Production Science, 39(2), 201-212.

[36] Offner, A. and Sauvant, D. (2004), Prediction of in vivo starch digestion in cattle from in situ data, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 111(1-4), 41-56.

[37] Offner, A., Bach, A., and Sauvant, D. (2003), Quantitative review of in situ starch degradation in the rumen, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 106(1-4), 81-93.

[38] Tahir, M.N., Hetta, M., Larsen, M., Lund, P., and Huhtanen, P. (2013), In vitro estimations of the rate and extent of ruminal digestion of starch-rich feed fractions compared to in vivo data, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 179(1–4), 36-45.

[39] Vanzant, E.S., Cochran, R.C., Titgemeyer, E.C., Stafford, S.D., Olson, K.C., Johnson, D.E., and St Jean, G. (1996), In vivo and in situ measurements of forage protein degradation in beef cattle, Journal of Animal Science 74, 2773–2784., 74, 2773–2784.

[40] Di Marco, O.N., Ressia, M.A., Arias, S., Aello, M.S., and Arzadún, M. (2009), Digestibility of forage silages from grain, sweet and bmr sorghum types: Comparison of in vivo, in situ and in vitro data, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 153(3), 161-168.

[41] Adesogan, A.T., Owen, E., and Givens, D.I. (1998), Prediction of the in vivo digestibility of whole crop wheat from in vitro digestibility, chemical composition, in situ rumen degradability, in vitro gas production and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 74(3), 259-272.

[42] Di Marco, O.N., Aello, M.S., Nomdedeu, M., and Van Houtte, S. (2002), Effect of maize crop maturity on silage chemical composition and digestibility (in vivo, in situ and in vitro), Animal Feed Science and Technology, 99(1), 37-43.

[43] Damiran, D., DelCurto, T., Bohnert, D.W., and Findholt, S.L. (2008), Comparison of techniques and grinding size to estimate digestibility of forage based ruminant diets, Animal Feed Science and Technology, 141(1–2), 15-35.

Downloads

Issue

Vol. 1 , Iss. 1 (April 2019)

Article Type

Articles

License

Copyright and Licensing

The authors shall retain the copyright of their work but allow the Publisher to publish, copy, distribute, and convey the work.

Journal of Zoological Research publishes accepted manuscripts under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors who submit their papers for publication by Journal of Zoological Research agree to have the CC BY-NC 4.0 license applied to their work, and that anyone is allowed to reuse the article or part of it free of charge for non-commercial use. As long as you follow the license terms and original source is properly cited, anyone may copy, redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform, and build upon the material.

License Policy for Reuse of Third-Party Materials

If a manuscript submitted to the journal contains the materials which are held in copyright by a third-party, authors are responsible for obtaining permissions from the copyright holder to reuse or republish any previously published figures, illustrations, charts, tables, photographs, and text excerpts, etc. When submitting a manuscript, official written proof of permission must be provided and clearly stated in the cover letter.
The editorial office of the journal has the right to reject/retract articles that reuse third-party materials without permission.

Journal Policies on Data Sharing

We encourage authors to share articles published in our journal to other data platforms, but only if it is noted that it has been published in this journal.