Effects of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) Leaf Meal on Performance, Carcass, Organs, Eggs and Meat of Japanese Quails

Authors

  • Sati NM National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Idahor KO Department of Animal Science, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Shabu-Lafia Campus, P.M.B. 135, Lafia, 950101, Nigeria
  • Emennaa PE National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Haliru H National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Nwamo AC National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Markus KD Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/jzr.v3i1.2781

Abstract

There are several reports on the utilisation of Moringa oleifera in poultry diets due to its essential bioactive compounds yet,little is known about its influence on Japanese quail eggs and meat qualities. Hence, the need to examine performance, eggs and meat qualities of Japanese quail hens fed M.oleifera leaf. To achieve this, 240 Japanese quail chicks were allocated to three dietary treatments: D1: control, 0.0% (without M. oleifera leaf meal),D2: (0.5% M. oleifera leaf meal) and D3: (1% M.oleifera leaf meal). Data on performance, carcass, organs, eggs and meat qualities were collected and subjected to ANOVA at 0.05. Results revealed that feed consumption was lowest (2,701g) in D1 and highest (2,800g) in D2, carcass weight varied from 100 - 100.67g, thigh weight (12.66 - 13.58g) and breast weight was highest (40.41g) in D3. Liver weight was lowest (3.25g) in D1, kidney was largest (0.91g) in D3 whereas, the heart, gizzard and spleen weights ranged from 1.00 - 1.16g, 3.08 - 3.50g and 0.04 - 0.08g, respectively. In the eggs, crude protein (10.94%), crude fat (6.71%), ash (1.36%), high-density lipoprotein (96.12mg/100g) and low-density lipoprotein (120.67mg/100g) were highest in D1. Total cholesterol (364.08mg/100g) and triglycerides (147.27mg/100g) were least in D1 and the caloric value varied from 1.46 -1.47kcal/g. In the meat, crude protein (17.14%) and energy value (1.96kcal/g) were best in D2 but, crude fat (12.62%), ash (2.85%) and carbohydrates(1.31%) were superior in D3. In both eggs and meat, no crude fibre (0.0%) was detected. In any case, all the parameter values were within the normal ranges given in healthy Japanese quails at similar age. Consequently,addition of M. oleifera leaf meal at 1.0% to Japanese quail diets might not depress performance, affect carcass quality, cause organs dysfunctions but may improve nutritional quality of the eggs and meat.

Keywords:

Moringa oleifera, Poultry nutrition, Quail eggs and meat

References

[1] Fah KH. The nutrition and management of Japanese quail in the tropics. 2009: 1. Available from:file://k:/corturnixQuail.htm. [Accessed March 9,2009.

[2] Musa U, Haruna ES, Lombin LH. Quail production in the tropics. NVRI Press. Vom., 2007: 158.

[3] Kayang BB, Vignal A, Inoue-Murayama M, Miwa M, Monvoisin J, Ito S, Minvielle F. A first-generation microsatellite linkage map of the Japanese quail.Anim. Genet, 2004, 35: 195-200.

[4] Diara SS, Kwari ID, Girigigi YA, Saleh B, Igwebuike JU. The use of sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa) feed ingredient for poultry: A Review Research opinions in Animal Science and Veterinary Science,2011, 1:573-577.

[5] Grashorn MA. Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition: an alternative to feed antibiotics. J. Anim.Feed.Sci., 2010, 19: 338-347.

[6] Radwan NL, Hassan RA, Qota EM, Fayek HM. Effect of natural antioxidant on oxidative stability of eggs and productive and reproductive performance of laying hens. Intl J Poult Sci., 2008, 7(2):134-150.

[7] Embuscado ME. Spices and herbs: Natural sources of antioxidants - a mini review. Journal of Functional Foods, 2015.DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.03.005

[8] Wallace RJ, Oleszek W, Franz C, Hahn I, Baser KHC, Mathe A, Teichmann K. Dietary plant bioactive for poultry health and productivity. Br. Poult.Sci., 2010, 51: 461-487.

[9] Windisch W, Schedle K, Plitzner C, Kroismayr A.Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J. Anim. Sci., 2008, 86: 140-148.

[10] Onimisi PA, Omage JJ, Maiguizo K. Evaluation of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf meal as protein source in rabbit diets. Proc. 32nd Ann Conf. NSAP,Calabar, 2007: 293-294.

[11] Gaia S. Wonder tree 100 facts. Moringa fact 04 exceptional animal feed. Moringa as livestock feed & pet food. Moringa Mission Trust, 2005. Available from:http://gaiathelivingplanet.blogspot.com/2005/06/wondertree-100-facts-moringa-fact-04.html [Accessed in May, 2011].

[12] Kakengi AMV, Shem MN, Sarwatt SV, Fujihara T. Can Moringa oleifera be used as a protein supplement to ruminants. Asian-Austral. J Anim. Sci.,2003;18:1:42-47.

[13] Richter N, Siddhuraju P, Becker K. Nutritional Quality Evaluation of Moringa (Moringa oleifera)Leaves as an Alternative Protein Source for Tilapia.University of Hohenheim, Department of Agriculture System and Animal Nutrition, Germany, 2002.

[14] Wikipedia 2018. History of Jos. Available from:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos. [Accessed August 28, 2018].

[15] Yakubu A, Idahor KO, Usman EA, Jonathan LF,Musa-Azara IS. Effect of feed restriction on growth performance, body conformation, carcass characteristics and cost-benefit in broiler chickens. Wayamba Journal of Animal Science, 2013, 2012-578X: 704-713, 1373402739.

[16] Jones RB. A standard method of dissection of poultry for carcass analysis. Technical Bulletin No.222,West Scotland, 1984.

[17] AOAC. Official methods of analysis. Vol. 18th Ed.Association of Official Analytical Chemists,Arlington, VA, USA, 2005.

[18] Berto DA, Garcia EA, Móri C, Faitarone ABG, Pelí-cia K, Molino AB. Performance of Japanese quails fed feeds containing different corn and limestone particle sizes. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science,2007, 9(3): 167-171.

[19] Dominiczak M. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry. By C.A. Burtis and E.R. Ashwood, editors.Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM),1999, 37,

[20] SPSS. Statistical package for Social Sciences. SPSS Inc., 444. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611,2010.

[21] Aviagen. How to measure chick yield. 2015 Available from:http://en.aviagen.com/assets/Tech_Center/BB_Resources_Tools/Hatchery_How_Tos/02HowTo2Measure ChickYield.pdf. [Accessed 24th January 2018].

[22] Idahor KO, Nwosuh CI, Sokunbi OA, Osaiyuwu OH,Odu O, Sati NM, Emennaa P, Shamaki D, Babayemi OJ. Embryo physiological status, chick yield and hatchability of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) eggs incubated in fabricated electric incubators at different temperatures. Proc.43rd Ann. Conf.,NSAP, FUT Owerri. 2018, 315-318.

[23] Nasrollah V. Growth, feed consumption and carcass composition of Coturnix japonica,Coturnix ypsilophorus and their reciprocal crosses. Asian Journal of Poultry Science, 2009, 3(4): 132-137.

[24] Skrobánek P, Hrbatá M, Baranovská M, Juráni M.Growth of Japanese Quail Chicks in Simulated Weightlessness. Acta Vet. BRNO, 2004, 73: 157-164.

[25] Makanjuola BA, Obi OO, Olorungbohunmi TO,Morakinyo OA, Oladele-Bukola MO, Boladuro BA.Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf meal as a substitute for antibiotics on the performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens. LRRD, 2014, 26(8).

[26] Dey A, De PS. Influence of Moringa oleifera leaves as a functional feed additive on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum lipid profile of broiler chicken. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2013, 47(5): 449.

[27] David LS, Vidanarachchi JK, Samarasinghe K, Cyril HW, Dematawewa CMB. Effects of Moringa based feed additives on the growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chicken.Tropical Agri. Res.,2012, 24(1): 12-20.

[28] Inci H, Sogut B, Sengul T, Sengul AY, Taysi MR.Comparison of fattening performance, carcass characteristics, and egg quality characteristics of Japanese quails with different feather colours. R. Bras. Zootec,2015, 44(11): 390-396.

[29] Tarhyel R., Hena S. A., Tanimomo B. K. Effects of age on organ weight and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Scientific Journal of Agricultural (AGRIS), 2012, 1(1): 21-26.ISSN: 2322-2425

[30] Tolik D, Polawska E, Charuta A, Nowaczewski S,Cooper R. Characteristics of egg parts, chemical composition and nutritive value of Japanese quaileggs - A review. Folia Biologica (Kraków), 2014,62(4): 287-292.

[31] Jeke A, Phiri C, Chitiindingu K, Taru P. Nutritional compositions of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) breed lines raised on a basal poultry ration under farm conditions in Ruwa, Zimbabwe. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 2018, 4: 1473009. Available from:https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2018.1473009.[Accessed in January 2020].

[32] Horbañczuk JO. The Ostrich. European Ostrich Group, Ribe, Denmark, 2002.

[33] Dudusola IO. Comparative evaluation of internal and external qualities of eggs from quail and guinea fowl.Int. Res. J. Plant Sci., 2010, 1: 112-115.

[34] Thomas KS, Jagatheesan PNR, Reetha L, Rajendran D. Nutrient composition of Japanese quail eggs. Intl J Sci Environ Technol., 2016, 5(3): 1293-1295.

[35] Aletor O, Famakin FM. Vitamins, amino acids, lipids and sterols of eggs from three different birds’ genotypes. IOSR J. of Environ. Sci., Toxicol Food Techn.,2017, 11(3): 41-7.

[36] Al-Obaidi FA, Al-Shadeedi Sh MJ. Comparison some native fowls (chicken, mallard ducks, quail and turkey) in components and chemical composition of the eggs in Iraq. Al-Anbar J. Vet. Sci., 2017,10(1):65-9.

[37] Adeniyi PO, Obatolu VA, Farinde EO. Comparative evaluation of cholesterol content and storage quality of chicken and quail eggs. World J. of Nutr. And Health, 2016, 4(1): 5-9.

[38] Hansen P, Scoble JA, Hanson B, Hoogenraad NJ.Isolation and purification of immunoglobulins from chicken eggs using thiophilic interaction chromatography. J. Immunol. Methods, 1998, 215:1-7.46. Nowaczewski, S., Szablewski, T., Cegielska-Radzie-Jewska, R., Stuper-Szablewska, K.,Rudziñska, M., Lenierowski, G., Kontecka, H., Szulc, K. Archiv Geflügelkd, 2013, 77(233).

[39] Nowaczewski S., Szablewski T., Cegielska-Radzie-Jewska R., Stuper-Szablewska K.,Rudziñska M., Lenierowski G., Kontecka H., Szulc K. Effect of housing system and eggshell colour on biochemical and microbiological characteristics of pheasant eggs. Archiv Geflügelkd, 2013, 77: 226-233.

[40] Kovacs-Nolan J, Phillips M, Mine Y. Advances in the value of eggs and egg components for human health.J. Agricult. Food Chem., 2005, 53: 8421-8431.

[41] El-Dengawy RA, Nassar AM. Investigation on the nutritive value and microbiological quality of wild quail carcasses. Food/Nahrung, 2001, 45(1): 50-54.

[42] Raji AO, Girgiri AY, Alade NK, Jauro SA. Characteristics and proximate composition of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) carcass in a semi-arid area of Nigeria. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 2015,2:159-165.

[43] Ikhlas BN Huda I, Noryati I. Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of meatballs prepared from mechanically deboned quail meat using various types of flour. Intl J. Poult Sci., 2011,10(1):30-37.

[44] Genchev AG, Ribarski SS, Afanasjev GD, Blohin GI. Fatting capacities and meat quality of Japanese quails of Faraon and White English breeds. J. Cent.Eur. Agric 6, 2005: 495-500.

[45] Genchev A, Ribarski S, Mikhajlova G, Dinkov D.Slaughter characteristics and chemical composition of the meat from Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnixjaponica). Zhivotnovudni Nauki (Bulgarian), 2004.

[46] Boni I, Nurul H, Noryati I. Comparison of meat quality characteristics between young and spent quails,Malaysia. International Food Research J., 2010, 17:661-667.

[47] Abang FB, Ejugwu G, Aker DT. Nutrient profile of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) breast muscles and egg (whole) fed sun-dried mango (Mangifera spp) kernel meal.Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 2015, 8(3): 37-40.

Downloads

Issue

Article Type

Articles