Investigation of Wooden Beam Behaviors Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymers

Authors

  • Şemsettin KILINÇARSLAN Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Turkey
  • Yasemin ŞİMŞEK TÜRKER Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/opmr.v2i1.1783

Abstract

Wood material can be demolished over time due to different environmental factors. Structural elements may need to be strengthened over time as a result of possible natural disasters or during use. Beams are elements under load in the direction perpendicular to their axes. Therefore, they are basically under the effect of bending. When the studies on the behavior of beams against bending test are examined, it is known that the bottom surface of the material generally breaks. For this reason, fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) materials have been used in recent years to reinforce beam members. It is a scientific fact that it is necessary to prefer FRPs for the solution of this problem, as well as their properties such as lightness, corrosion and flexibility, their application without disrupting the appearance of wood. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of reinforcing wooden beams with fiber reinforced polymer materials with different properties on different bending behaviors such as load bearing capacity, ductility, modulus of elasticity. It was observed that the ductility and bearing capacity of wooden beams reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer materials increased significantly compared to non-reinforced beams.

Keywords:

Wood materials, Beam, FRP, Reinforced, Composite

References

[1] González Bravo C. Recovery of the mechanical capacity in pieces of wood requested to flex in traditional structures operating on the upper side by means of reinforcements and metal prostheses. PhD Thesis: 201.

[2] Kilinçarslan, Ş., Şimşek Türker, Y. The Effect of Different Parameters on Strength Properties of Glulam Timber Beams. ICCESEN-2019, Antalya-Turkey, 2019: 23-27.

[3] Şahin, Y. Introduction to composite materials, Gazi Bookstore, Ankara, 2000: 2-33.

[4] Alhayek, H., Svecova, D. Flexural stiffness and strength of GFRP-reinforced timber beams. J Compos Constr, 2012, 16(3):245-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.1943-5614.0000261

[5] Borri, A., Corradi, M., Grazini, A. A Method for Flexural Reinforcement of Old Wood Beams with CFRP Materials. Composites: 2005, Part B, 36: 143- 53.

[6] Blaß, H.J., Romani, M. Load and deformation behavior of composite beams made of glulam and fiber-reinforced plastics. Research report of the Research Institute for Steel, Wood and Stones, Dept. of Engineered Wood Construction at the University of Karlsruhe (in German), 2000.

[7] D’Ambrisi, A., Focacci, F., Luciano, R. Experimental investigation on flexural behavior of timber beams repaired with CFRP plates. Compos Struct, 2014, 108: 720-728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.10.005

[8] Fiorelli, J., Dias, A. A. Glulam Beams Reinforced with FRP Externally-Bonded: Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation. Mater Struct, Gentile CJ. Flexural strengthening of timber bridge beams using FRP. MSc thesis, University of Manitoba, 2000, Winnipeg, 2011, 44(8): 1431-1440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-011-9708-y

[9] Gilfillan, R.J., Gilbert, S.G., Patrick, G.R.H. The Use Of FRP Composites İn Enhancing The Structural Behaviour of Timber Beams. J Reinf Plast Compos, 2003, 22(15):1373-1388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/073168403035583

[10] Hernandez, R., Davalos, J.F., Sonti, S.S., Kim, Y., Moody, R.C. Strength and stiffness of reinforced yellow-poplar glued-laminated beams. Research Paper FPL-RP-554, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1997, Madison.

[11] Jacob, J., Barragan, O.L.G. Flexural strengthening of glued laminated timber beams with steel and carbon fiber reinforced polymers. MSc thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 2010.

[12] Jankowski, L.J., Jasienko, J., Nowak, T.P. Experimental assessment of CFRP reinforced wooden beams by 4-point bending tests and photoelastic coating technique. Mater Struct, 2010, 43(1-2): 141-150. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-009-9476-0

[13] Johnsson, H., Blanksvard, T., Carolin, A. Glulam members strengthened by carbon fibre reinforcement. Mater Struct, 2006, 40(1): 47-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-006-9119-7

[14] Kim, Y.J., Hossain, M., Harries, K.A. CFRP strengthening of timber beams recovered from a 32 year old quonset: element and system level tests. Eng Struct, 2013, 57: 213-221. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.028

[15] Li, Y.F., Xie, Y.M., Tsai, M.J. Enhancement of the flexural performance of retrofitted wood beams using CFRP composite sheets. Constr Build Mater, 2009, 23(1): 411-422. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.11.005

[16] Micelli, F., Scialpi, V., La Tegola, A. Flexural reinforcement of glulam timber beams and joints with carbon fiberreinforced polymer rods. J Compos Constr, 2005, 9(4): 337–347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268

[17] Raftery, G., Harte, A. Low-Grade Glued Laminated Timber Reinforced with FRP Plate. Compos Part B: Eng., 2011, 42(4): 724-35.

[18] Raftery, G.M., Whelan, C. Low-Grade Glued Laminated Timber Beams Reinforced Using Improved Arrangements of Bonded-in GFRP Rods. Constr Build Mater, 2014, 52: 209-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.11.044

[19] Schober, K.U., Rautenstrauch, K. Post-Strengthening of Timber Structures with CFRP’s. Mater Struct, 2006, 40(1), 27-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-006-9128-6

[20] Yusof, A. Bending behavior of timber beams strengthened using fiber reinforced polymer bars and plates. PhD thesis, Technology University of Malaysia, Skudai, 2010.

[21] Kilinçarslan Ş., Şimşek Türker Y. Evaluation in terms of Sustainability of Wood Materials Reinforced with FRP. Journal of Technical Sciences, 2020, 10(1): 23- 30.

[22] J.R. Gilfillan, S.G. Gilbert, G.R.H. Patrick. The use of CFRP composites in enhancing the structural behaviour of timber beams, J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 2003, 22(15/2003): 1373-1388.

[23] T.W. Buell, P.E. Saadatmanesh, Strengthening timber beams using carbon fiber, J. Struct. Eng. 2005, 131(1): 173–187.

[24] A. André, R. Kliger. Strengthening of timber beams using FRP, with emphasis on compression strength: a state of the art review, in: Proceedings of the Second Official International Conference of International Institute for FRP in Construction for Asia-Pacific Region APFIS, 2009.

[25] D. Svecova, R.J. Eden. Flexural and shear Strengthening of timber beams using glass fibre reinforced polymer bars – an experimental investigation, Can. J. Civil Eng. 2004, 31(1): 45.

[26] Rosato, D. V. Designing with reinforced composites: Hanser Gardner Publications, 1997.

[27] Kaw, A. K.. Mechanics of Composite Materials. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida, 2006.

[28] Kaya, A.İ. A study of composite materials that produced from recovered fibers of recycled waste papers, Süleyman Demirel University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, (Doctoral Thesis), Isparta, 2015: 239.

[29] H.F.Wu, D.W. Dwight, N.T.Huff. Effects of Silane Coupling Agents on the Interphase and Performance of Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Compos ites. Composites Science & Technology, 1997, 57: 975- 983.

[30] Çelik, A. Fiber reinforced polymers and application fields in the engineering structures , Master Thesis, Sakarya University, Adapazarı, 2001.

[31] Plevris, N., Triantafillou, T. C.. Creep behavior of FRP-reinforced wood members. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1995, 121(2): 174-186.

[32] Ogawa H.. Architectural application of carbon fibers, development of new carbon fiber reinforced glulam, Toho R. Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan, 1999: 1-9.

[33] Premrov, M., Dobrila, P., Bedenik, B. S.. Analysis of timberframed walls coated with CFRP strips strengthened fibre-plaster boards. Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia, 2003, 1-12.

[34] Steiger R.. Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) in timber structures, Wood Department EMPA, Dübendorf, Switzerland, 2003: 1-9.

[35] Roberto L. A., Michael A. P., Sandford T. C.. Fiber reinforced polymer composite - wood pile interface characterization by push-out tests. Journal of Composites for Construction, 2004, 8(4): 360-368.

[36] Taheri, F., Nagaraj, M., Khosravi, P. Buckling response of glue-laminated columns reinforced with fiber-reinforced plastic sheets. Compos. Struct., 2009, 88: 481–490.

[37] O’Loinsigh, C.,Oudjene, M., Shotton, E.,Pizzi, A.,Fanning, P. Mechanical behaviour and 3d stress analysis of multi-layered wooden beams made with welded-through wood dowels. Compos. Struct., 2012, 94: 313–321.

[38] Chans, D. O., Cimadevila, J. E., Gutiérrez, E. M. Withdrawal strength of threaded steel rods glued with epoxy in wood. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 2013, 44: 115-121.

[39] Hay, S., Thiessen, K., Svecova, D., Bakht, B. Effectiveness of GFRP sheets for shear strengthening of timber. J Compos Constr, 2006, 10(6):483–491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0268

[40] D. Svecova, R.J. Eden. Flexural and shear Strengthening of timber beams using glass fibre reinforced polymer bars – an experimental investigation, Can. J. Civil Eng. 2004, 31(1): 45.

[41] Andre. A. Benefits of strengthening timber with fibrereinforced polymers. PhD thesis, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 2011.

[42] Davalos, J.F., Qiao, P.Z. Fracture mechanics methods for interface bond evaluations of fiber-reinforced plastic / wood hybrid composites. In: Pizzi A, Mittal KL (eds) Handbook of adhesive technology, 2nd edn. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 2003: 351–377.

[43] De Jesus, A.M.P., Pinto, J.M.T., Morais, J.J.L. Analysis of solid wood beams strengthened with CFRP laminates of distinct lengths. Constr Build Mater, 2012, 35:817–828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.124

[44] Juvandes, L.F.P., Barbosa, R.M.T. Bond analysis of timber structures strengthened with FRP Systems. Strain, 2012, 48(2): 124–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.2011.00804.x

[45] Lopez-Anido, R.A., Muszynski, L., Gardner, D.J., Goodell, B., Herzog, B. Performance-based material evaluation of fiber-reinforced polymer-wood interfaces in reinforced glulam members. J Test Eval, 2005, 33(6): 385–394. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE12071

[46] Raftery, G.M., Harte, A.M., Rodd, P.D. Bonding of FRP materials to wood using thin epoxy gluelines. Int J Adhes Adhes, 2009, 29(5): 580–588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2009.01.004

[47] A. Zhou, Tam, L., Z. Yu, Lau, D. Effect of moisture on the mechanical properties of CFRP-wood composite: an experimental and atomistic investigation. Compos Part B-Eng, 2015, 71: 63–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.10.051

[48] Lindyberg, R.F. A nonlinear, probabilistic model for the analysis of reinforced glulam beans in bending. [Unpublished D. Phil thesis]. Maine: University of Maine, 2000.

[49] Romani, M., Blab, H. J. Design model for FRP Reinforced Glulam Beams. Proceedings of the International Council Forresearch and Innovation in Building and Construction, Venice, Italy, 2001.

[50] Raftery, G. M., Harte, A. M. Nonlinear numerical modelling of FRP reinforced glued laminated timber. Composites Part B: Engineering, 2013, 52: 40-50.

[51] Y. F. Li, Tsai, M. J., T. F. Wei, W. C. Wang. A study on wood beams strengthened by FRP composite materials. Construction and Building Materials, 2014, 62: 118-125.

[52] H. Xiong, Y. Liu, Y. Yao, B. Li. Experimental study on the lateral resistance of reinforced glued-laminated timber post and beam structures. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2017, 16(2): 379-385.

[53] M. Wang, X. Song, X. Gu, J. Tang. Bolted glulam beam-column connections under different combinations of shear and bending. Engineering Structures, 2019, 181: 281-292.

[54] Kılınçarslan, Ş., Şimşek Türker, Y.. The Effect of Strengthening With Fiber Reinforced Polymers on Strength Properties of Wood Beams. 2nd International Turkish World Engineering and Science Congress, Turkey, 2019.

Downloads

How to Cite

KILINÇARSLAN, Şemsettin, & TÜRKER, Y. ŞİMŞEK. (2020). Investigation of Wooden Beam Behaviors Reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymers. Organic Polymer Material Research, 2(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.30564/opmr.v2i1.1783

Issue

Article Type

Articles