Narrowing the Attainment Gap through Parental Engagement

Authors

  • Bingying Gao The University of Edinburgh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30564/ret.v3i3.1879

Abstract

Based on the selected policy of Scotland Delivering Excellence and Equity in Scottish Education (2016a) with its context in related concepts and literature support. This essay will focus on the engagement of parents as a part of narrowing the attainment gap with socio- economic and political factors and what is provided by schools to promote social commitment and achieving equity during the Scottish education process. Critically analysis and reflection of the policy implementation and the way to look forward. As for the main part, the author explains what attainment and attainment gap is, the aim of the policy and discusses the reasonable of the policy through offered evidence. Following the interpretation of “policy as discourse” approach, and whereby how will the Scottish Government and Education Scotland support children and families to closing the attainment gap in this policy. The theory of the forms of social justice will be addressed in this policy. For example, equity, redistribution, recognition, capabilities. After that, the challenges and struggles of the policy implementation will be indicated. Connecting with the practitioner's current situation and concentrates on the relevant skills that will be improved, applied as a practitioner for professional development and the way to cooperate with children’s parents in the context of early years setting. That is why this policy was chosen by the author. Finally, a conclusion with the critical points of the significance of parental involvement during the process of closing the attainment gap will be offered.

Keywords:

Attainment gap, Parental engagement, Equity, Policy, Social commitment

References

[1] Bacchi, C. (2000) Policy as discourse: what does it mean? Where does it get us? Discourse,

[2] (1), 45-57.

[3] Ball, S. J. (2015) What is policy? 21 years later: reflections on the possibilities of policy research. Discourse, 36(3), 306-313.

[4] Cheung, C. S. S., & Pomerantz, E. M. (2012) Why does parents' involvement enhance children's achievement? The role of parent-oriented motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(3), 820.

[5] Clancy, P., & Goastellec, G. (2007) Exploring access and equity in Higher Education: Policy and performance in a comparative perspective. Higher Education Quarterly, 61(2), 136-154. Deprez, L. S., & Wood, D. R. (2013) Teaching for well-being. Human [5]Development and Capabilities: Re-imagining the university of the twenty-first century, 145.

[6] Driessen, G., Smit, F. and Sleegers, P. (2005) ‘Parental involvement and educational achievement’, British Educational Research Journal, 31(4), pp. 509–32.

[7] Education Scotland (2018) Family Learning Framework. Available online: https://education.gov.scot/improvement/Documents/FamilyLearningFrameworkApril18.pdf [Accessed 21/2/20].

[8] Fraser, N. (1998) Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, participation, WZB Discussion Paper, No. FS I 98-108, Berlin.

[9] Gale, T., & Molla, G. (2015) Social justice intents in policy: An analysis of capability for and through education. Journal of Education Policy, 30(6), 810-830.

[10] Hyland, N. (2010) Social justice in early childhood classrooms. Young Children, 65(1), 82- 90.

[11] Kirk, C.M., Lewis-Moss, R.K., Nilsen, C. and Colvin, D.Q. (2011) ‘The role of parent expectations on adolescent educational aspiration’, Educational Studies, 37(1), pp. 89–99. [12]Levinson, B. A. U., Sutton, M. & Winstead, T. (2009) Education policy as a practice of power: theoretical tools, ethnographic methods, and democratic options. Educational Policy, 23(6), 767-795.

[12] Leung, C. (2001) English as an additional language: language and literacy development.

[13] Royston: UKRA.

[14] Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2007a) Quality and equity of schooling in Scotland. Paris: OECD. Available online: http://www.oecd.org/edu/school/reviewsofnationalpoliciesforeducationqualityandequityofsch oolinginscotland.htm [Accessed 17/2/20].

[15] Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (2012) Equity and Quality in Education: Supporting Disadvantaged Students and Schools, OECD Publishing.

[16] Pinkney, S. (2013) Trust relationships between children, social welfare professionals and the organisations of welfare. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 93–113.

[17] Scottish Executive Education Department (2007b) OECD Review of the Quality and Equity of Education Outcomes in Scotland. Available online: https://www.oecd.org/education/school/39744132.pdf [Accessed 16/2/20].

[18] Scottish Parliament Information Centre (SPICe) (2016a) Closing The Attainment Gap: What Can Schools Do? Available online: https://www.parliament.scot/ResearchBriefingsAndFactsheets/S5/SB_1668_Closing_The_At tainment_Gap_What_Can_Schools_Do.pdf [Accessed 16/2/20].

[19] Sosu, E., & Ellis, S. (2014) Closing the attainment gap in Scottish education. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.

[20] The Scottish Government (2013) Play Strategy for Scotland: Our Action Plan. Available online: https://www.gov.scot/binaries/content/documents/govscot/publications/strategy- plan/2013/10/play-strategy-scotland-action-plan/documents/00437132-pdf/00437132- pdf/govscot%3Adocument [Accessed 27/2/20].

[21] The Scottish Government (2016b) Delivering Excellence and Equity in Scottish Education: A Delivery Plan for Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Executive.

[22] The Scottish Government (2016c) ‘Review of Family Learning: Supporting Excellence and Equity’. Edinburgh. APS Group Scotland.

[23] The Scottish Government (2019) National Improvement Framework (NIF) and Improvement Plan. Available online: https://www.gov.scot/publications/2020-national-improvement- framework-improvement-plan-summary/ [Accessed 18/2/20].

[24] UNESCO (2015) Education for All 2000-2015: achievements and challenges. EFA global monitoring report, Paris, UNESCO/Oxford University Press.

[25] UNICEF (2010) A Summary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Available online: https://www.unicef.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/UNCRC_summary-1.pdf [Accessed 4/3/20].

[26] Walker, M., & Unterhalter, E. (2007) The capability approach: Its potential for work in education. In Amartya Sen’s capability approach and social justice in education (pp. 1-18). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.

Downloads

Issue

Article Type

Articles